Definitions and meaning of qua
qua
English
Etymology 1
From Latin quā (“in the capacity of”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kwɑː/
- Rhymes: -ɑː
- IPA(key): /kweɪ/
- Rhymes: -eɪ
Preposition
qua
- (chiefly philosophy) as; in the capacity of; acting as
-
- 1954: Gilbert Ryle, Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, dilemma vii: Perception, page 99 (The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press)
- As anatomy, physiology and, later, psychology have developed into more or less well-organized sciences, they have necessarily and rightly come to incorporate the study of, among other things, the structures, mechanisms, and functionings of animal and human bodies qua percipient.
- 1962: Norman Malcolm; Dreaming; chapter nine: “Judgments in Sleep”, page 39{1}; chapter twelve: “The Concept of Dreaming”, page 68{2} (1977 paperback reprint; Routledge & Kegan Paul; ISBN 0‒7100‒3836‒4 (c), 0‒7100‒8434‒X (p))
- {1} For sleep qua sleep has no experiential content: it cannot turn out, as remarked before, that a man was not asleep because he was not having some experience or other.
- {2} I am denying that a dream qua dream is a seeming, appearance or ‘semblance of reality’.
-
- 2005: Ulfelder, Jay.Collective Action and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes. International Political Science Review, 26(3), p318. Retrieved 1615 240810 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/30039035.pdf?acceptTC=true.
- "In essence, military regimes are autocracies in which the military qua organization performs many of the functions performed by the ruling party in single-party regimes."
- 2009: Ken Levy, Killing, Letting Die, and the Case for Mildly Punishing Bad Samaritanism, Georgia Law Review, p. 24.
- Blame qua attitude is the feeling or belief that an individual has committed a wrongdoing, usually a wrongful action and/or harm, and can be reasonably expected not to have committed this wrongdoing. Blame qua practice is the public expression of this attitude – usually by means of censure (written or verbal criticism) or punishment. Generally, the morally worse the wrongdoing, the more severe the censure/punishment.
Translations
Etymology 2
Imitative.
Interjection
qua
- The cawing sound of a crow.
Anagrams
Classical Nahuatl
Verb
qua
- Alternative spelling of cua
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kvaː/, [kʰvæːˀ]
- Rhymes: -aː
Conjunction
qua
- as, qua (in the capacity of)
- (as a preposition) by virtue of (because of)
Dutch
Etymology
From Latin quā (“in the capacity of, by which, as far as”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
qua
- regarding, concerning, in terms of
Synonyms
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin quā.
Pronunciation
Preposition
qua [with dative or (alternatively when governing a noun accompanied by an adjective or article, rarely otherwise) genitive]
- (formal) by
- Synonyms: durch, mittels, kraft
- qua Gesetz ― by law
Usage notes
Sometimes used with the genitive:
- qua Amtes ― ex officio (literally, “by office”)
Further reading
- “qua” in Duden online
- “qua” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Hokkien
Alternative forms
Etymology
The suffix has been used since around the 17th and 18th century. Since "hong" (行) merchants were technically officials of the lowest (9th) rank, the suffix qua was added to their names in honour of their positions in the Qing government. The spelling may possibly be from Spanish orthography.
Pronunciation
Suffix
qua
- Irregular romanization of 官 (“official”)
Usage notes
- Formerly added to names of hong merchants (i.e. "Powqua," "Chinqua").
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from French qui, que, Italian che, Spanish que, ultimately from Latin quī / quid.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
qua (plural qui)
- (relative pronoun) which
- Esis tre jentila homo qua helpis ni. ― It was a nice man who helped us.
- (interrogative pronoun) who
- Qua esas ita kerlo? ― Who is that guy? (direct question)
- Me ne konocas qua ita esas. ― I don't know who that is. (indirect question)
Determiner
qua
- (interrogative determiner) what
- Qua kamizo vu portos? ― What shirt are you going to wear?
Derived terms
- quo (“what (thing)”)
- qui (“who (plural)”)
- pro quo (“why”)
See also
- ube (“where”)
- kande (“when”)
- quala (“what kind of”)
- quanta (“how much”)
Italian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *eccum hāc. Related to Portuguese cá, Spanish acá, French çà.
The original geminated -cc-, though lost in the standard language, is still found in most regional Italian varieties.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkwa/*
- (regional) IPA(key): */ˈkwa/*
- Rhymes: -a
Adverb
qua
- here
- Synonym: qui
Usage notes
- For differences between qua and qui, see notes at qui.
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- qua in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- qua2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Latin
Etymology 1
Adverb declined from quī. Diachronically, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéh₂; compare Ancient Greek πῇ (pêi), πῆ (pê, “which way, how”) and Latin quam.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkʷa/, [ˈkʷä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkwa/, [ˈkwäː]
Adverb
quā (not comparable)
- where (on which side; at or in which place; in what direction; by what way)
- quā... eā... ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- as (in the capacity or character of)
- ēns quā ēns ― being as being
- how (in what way; by what method; to what degree or extent)
- (indefinite) after sī, nisi, num, nē: in any way, anyhow
Related terms
Etymology 2
Inflection of quī (“who, which”).
Pronunciation
- quā: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkʷaː/, [ˈkʷäː]
- qua: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkʷa/, [ˈkʷä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkwa/, [ˈkwäː]
Pronoun
quā
- ablative feminine singular of quī
Pronoun
qua
- inflection of quī:
- nominative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative neuter plural
Usage notes
- qua is commonly used for quae in the above forms of the indefinite variant of the pronoun quī.
Etymology 3
Inflection of quis (“anyone, something, anyone, anything”).
Pronoun
quā
- ablative feminine singular of quis
References
- “qua”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “qua”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- qua in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- Allen, Joseph Henry, Greenough, James B. (1903) Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 149
Middle English
Pronoun
qua
- (Northern) Alternative form of who (“who”, nominative)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin quā.
Preposition
qua
- qua; as, in capacity of
References
- “qua” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “qua” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Latin quā.
Preposition
qua
- qua; as, in capacity of
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hvat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat.
Pronoun
qua
- obsolete spelling of kva.
References
- “qua” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romansch
Adverb
qua
- here
Tày
Pronunciation
-
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [kwaː˦˥]
Etymology 1
Noun
qua (瓜)
- lemon
- squash
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
qua
- pillar
- slâu qua ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
References
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][3][4] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][5] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [waː˧˧]
-
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 過 (“pass”). Doublet of quá.
Preposition
qua
- through, across (from one side to the other)
- ô-tô chạy qua cầu ― the car crosses the bridge
- xe vượt qua đèo ― the car crosses the mountain pass
- nhìn qua cửa sổ ― to look through the window
- nhảy qua mương ― to hop across the ditch
- lật qua trang khác ― to flip to another page
- by way of
- by means of, by, over, using
- nói chuyện qua điện thoại ― to converse over the telephone
- học tập qua kinh nghiệm ― to learn by experience
- hiểu biết qua thực tế ― to understand through reality
Adjective
qua
- last (most recent)
- (folk poetry)
- ago (before now)
Synonyms
- (last): vừa rồi
- (past): trước
Derived terms
Verb
qua • (戈)
- (intransitive) to have transpire, to take place, to come to pass
- tai qua nạn khỏi ― literally, "disaster to pass [and] ordeal to be relieved"
- nhắc lại việc đã qua ― to recall events that have transpired
- (intransitive) to go over to; to spend time at
- (transitive) to survive
- (transitive) to escape, to elude
- (transitive) to cross (to move relatively); to traverse
- (folk poetry)
- (transitive) to go to the front of
- (folk poetry)
- (transitive) to trump, to outweigh, to prevail over
- khôn chẳng qua lẽ, khỏe chẳng qua lời ― literally, "Shrewdness can't trump rightousness; brute strength can't trump wise words." / It is advisable to respond with temperance, rather than with cunningness or force.
- (intransitive) to drift past; to elapse
- Ngày qua ngày ― day after day
Synonyms
- (to cross): đi qua
- (to drift past): trôi qua
Derived terms
Adverb
qua
- across (from one side to the other), through
- nhìn qua ― to look past
- nhảy qua ― to hop across
- in passing
- dặn qua mấy lời ― to give a few words of advice in passing
- cursorily, superficially
- biết qua thế thôi ― to know a thing or two about it
- đọc qua vài trang ― to skim over a few pages
- completely
Etymology 2
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 我 (SV: ngã); borrowed from a Sinitic variety with denasalization.
Pronoun
qua
- (archaic, men's speech or Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) I; me
Synonyms
Etymology 3
Romanization
qua
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 戈
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 冎
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瘑
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蜗
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 薖
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 檛
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 騧
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 渦
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 堝
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瘸
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 簻
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 咼
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 撾
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 濄
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 胍
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 過
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 㧓
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瓜
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 叧
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 剮
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蝸
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 緺
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 髽
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 找
References
- "qua" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
- An Chi (17 March 2019). "Lắt léo chữ nghĩa: Nguồn gốc của đại từ QUA". Thanh Niên.
Source: wiktionary.org