Definitions and meaning of od
od
English
Etymology 1
Alteration of God.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒd/
-
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɑd/
- Rhymes: -ɒd
- Homophone: odd
Noun
od
- (now archaic, regional) (Euphemistic form of) God. [from 17th c.]
Derived terms
- od's bobs
- ods bodikins
- od's niggers
Etymology 2
Borrowed from German Od, arbitrarily coined by the German scientist and philosopher Carl Reichenbach (1788–1869).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒd/, /əʊd/
-
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɑd/, /ɔd/, /oʊd/
- Rhymes: -ɒd, -əʊd, -ɔd
- Homophones: odd, ode
Noun
od
- (pseudoscience, historical, also attributive) A hypothetical force or natural power, which was supposed by Carl Reichenbach and others to inhere in certain people and produce phenomena such as animal magnetism and mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by chemical or vital action, heat, light, magnets, etc.
- Synonyms: (obsolete) odyl, odyle
Alternative forms
Derived terms
References
Further reading
- Odic force on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- DO, D.O., 'do, D&O, do., d/o, do
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /od/
- (Tabriz) IPA(key): /ot/
Noun
od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
- fire
- Synonyms: atəş, nar
Declension
Related terms
References
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech ot, from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Pronunciation
Preposition
od [with genitive]
- from
- Dostal jsem dopis od bratra. ― I got a letter from my brother.
- since
- Od té doby jsem tam nebyl. ― I haven't been there since.
- of
- To je od tebe moc hezké. ― That is very nice of you.
Further reading
- “od”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “od”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse oddr, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz, cognate with German Ort (“place, point”).
Pronunciation
Noun
od c (singular definite odden, plural indefinite odde)
- sharp point
Declension
Ido
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowing from English or, French ou, Italian od and Spanish o.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
od
- or
Related terms
Italian
Pronunciation
Conjunction
od
- or (used before a vowel for euphony instead of o)
Anagrams
Latvian
Verb
od
- inflection of ost:
- second-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Middle English
Adjective
od
- Alternative form of odde
Adverb
od
- Alternative form of odde
Noun
od
- Alternative form of odde
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse óðr.
Adjective
od (neuter singular odt, definite singular and plural ode, comparative odare, indefinite superlative odast, definite superlative odaste)
- mad, frenzied
- Synonyms: galen, styrlaus
- on heat, rutting
- Synonyms: brunstig, brundgalen
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Norse óðr.
Noun
od n (definite singular odet, indefinite plural od, definite plural oda)
- wild impulse, sudden compulsion, yearning, frenzy
- Synonyms: ihuge, hugskot
- stormy weather
- Synonyms: hardver, uver
Derived terms
References
- “od” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “od”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
Old French
Etymology
From Latin apud.
Preposition
od
- with
Descendants
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ. The final d is due to analogy with other prepositions such as nad and pod. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɔt/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɔt/
Preposition
od [with genitive]
- indicates the beginning of an action has lasted; since, from, for
- indicates length of time; for
- indicates distance; from, away from
- indicates source or cause; from, because of
- indicates agent of a request; from
- indicates physical origin, sometimes used in names; from
- indicates author or letter; by, from
- used in passive constructions; by
- indicates the scope, manner or degree
- indicates relation, intended purpose or use, material, or age; from
- used in comparisons; than
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “od”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish od.
Pronunciation
-
-
- Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: od
- Homophones: od-, ot, -ot
Preposition
od [with genitive]
- indicates separation, distance, loss of contact; from, away
- Jesteśmy dość daleko od domu. ― We're pretty far from home.
- Odsuń się od niej! ― Get away from her!
- indicates origin of movement; from, away
- Dostałem dziś list od siostry. ― I got a letter from my sister today.
- Odchodzę od tego budynku. ― I am walking away from that building.
- indicates moment of origin in time; from, since, for
- Pracuję codziennie od siódmej do piętnastej. ― I work from 7 AM till 3 PM every day.
- Od jutra będę mieszkał we własnym mieszkaniu. ― Starting tomorrow I'll be living in my own flat.
- Odlicz od dziesięciu w dół. ― Count backwards from ten.
- Czekam na ciebie od osiemnastej. ― I have been waiting for you since 6 PM.
- indicates source or cause; from, because of
- Jestem mokry od deszczu ― I'm wet from the rain.
- indicates intended use or purpose; for
- Czy widzisz przez dziurkę od klucza? ― Can you see through the keyhole? (literally, “Can you see through the hole for the key?”)
- Zamknąłeś okno od samochodu? ― Did you shut the car window?
- indicates specialization
- used in comparisons; than
- Synonyms: aniżeli, aniżeliby, niż, niżby, niźli, niźliby, niżeli, niżeliby
- Janusz jest wyższy od Piotra. ― Janusz is taller than Piotr.
- (Middle Polish) used to indicate the author of a letter or work; from, by
- (Middle Polish) used in passive constructions; by
- (Middle Polish) indicates material; from
- Synonym: z
Derived terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), od is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 477 times in scientific texts, 319 times in news, 310 times in essays, 371 times in fiction, and 303 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1780 times, making it the 23rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- od in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- od in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “od”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “OD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2010 May 24
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 564
- Jan Łoś (1886) “já ńe od tego”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 186
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti. See od-, ot-, o, oda-.
Pronunciation
Preposition
ȍd (Cyrillic spelling о̏д)
- from, since [with genitive]
- od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade
- od jutra do mraka ― from dusk until dawn
- od 5 do 10 sati ― from 5 to 10 o'clock
- od danas ― from today on
- od sad(a) ― from now on
- od tad(a) ― since then
- od kraja zime ― from the end of winter
- of [with genitive]
- selo od tri kuće ― a village of three houses
- jedan od njih ― one of them
- čovjek od (svoje) r(ij)eči. ― a man of his word
- Hvala! To je bilo jako l(ij)epo od tebe! ― Thank you! That was very nice of you!
- (comparison) (+ genitive case) than
- Avioni su brži od helikoptera. ― Airplanes are faster than helicopters.
- Stariji je od svoje sestre. ― He is older than his sister.
- made of, made out of, made from [with genitive]
- stolica od drveta ― a chair made of wood
- Plastika se proizvodi od nafte. ― Plastic is made from oil.
- U slamovima, ljudi često žive u kućama napravljenim od otpadnog metala. ― In slums, people often live in houses made out of scrap metal.
- (proscribed, passive voice) (+ genitive case) by (usually followed by strane ("side/party") denoting the party which is doing the action; active form is preferred in formal language)
- Bomba je bila pronađena od (strane) policije. ― The bomb was found by the police.
- because of, from, with (denoting a direct or indirect cause) [with genitive]
- Umrla je od raka kože. ― She died of skin cancer.
- Umrla je od alkoholizma. ― She died from alcoholism.
- umr(ij)eti od dosade ― to die of boredom
- drhtati od straha ― to tremble with fear
- tresti se od hladnoće ― to shiver with cold
Slovak
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Pronunciation
Preposition
od (+ genitive)
- from
- since
- of
Further reading
- “od”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *otъ
Pronunciation
Preposition
od
- from, away from [with genitive]
- since or starting from (place or time) [with genitive]
- originating from, having origin in [with genitive]
- of, belonging to, part of [with genitive]
- (with genitive, in comparisons) than
- of, from, because of, due to [with genitive]
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish اود (od), اوت (ot), from Old Anatolian Turkish اود (od), from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Noun
od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
- (archaic or dialectal) fire
- Synonyms: ateş, nâr
Declension
Related terms
Volapük
Pronoun
od
- each other
Declension
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English odde.
Adjective
od (feminine singular od, plural od, equative oded, comparative odach, superlative odaf)
- odd, strange
- Synonyms: anarferol, rhyfedd
- odd (not even)
- Antonym: cynifer
Usage notes
Unusually for a monosyllabic word ending in a monophthong and single d, the current spelling of this word does not require the grave accent to indicate that the vowel is short. Likewise, there is a circumflex in the word ôd to show that its vowel is long. Compare this to regular spellings such as mwd and mẁd or nod and nòd. This phenomenon of not requiring a grave accent where one may expect it is more common in well-established grammatical words such as od below. See also os, nid or nag for similar cases.
Derived terms
- odiaeth (“excellent, splendid”)
- odrif (“odd number”)
Etymology 2
Conjunction
od
- (literary) Alternative form of o (“if, whether”) used before vowels.
Mutation
Source: wiktionary.org